PostgreSQL Connection Pooling: PgBouncer, Pooling Modes, and Right-Sizing Your Pool

Learn why every PostgreSQL connection is expensive and how an external pooler like PgBouncer lets you serve thousands of clients with a handful of real connections: session, transaction and statement modes, prepared statements with max_prepared_statements (PgBouncer 1.21+), pool sizing, production-ready configuration, monitoring with SHOW POOLS, and when to consider PgCat, Supavisor or a managed pooler. With examples in Python, SQL and INI.

14 minutes read

Josue Puig

2026-07-29

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