JWT in Production: Access Tokens, Refresh Tokens, and Rotation with Theft Detection

Learn to design JWT authentication that survives production: short-lived access tokens, refresh tokens with rotation and reuse detection, properly configured HttpOnly cookies, real revocation with a Redis denylist, algorithm choice (ES256 vs HS256, JWKS and key rotation), and where OAuth 2.1 is heading with sender-constrained tokens (DPoP). Includes the mistakes that quietly turn your login into a vulnerability, plus production-ready code in Python and TypeScript.

22 minutes read

2026-08-05

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